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Merchandise trade:
Caracas, 09/11/2014.- Intra-Mercosur at merchandise trade, (excluding Venezuela) grew up from US$10 billion since of the inception of the trade bloc on 1991, to US$88 billion in 2010; Brazil and Argentina each one accounted 43% of this total. Besides, the trade balance within the bloc always has historically tilted toward Brazil, recording an intra-Mercosur balance of over US$5 billion by 2010.
Trade within Mercosur just reached a 16% in the four countries' total
merchandise trade in 2010, however; the trade with the European Union amounted
(20%), China (14%), and the United States got (11%), showing to us the
comparable importance. Also, the exports from the bloc are highly diversified,
and include a variety of agricultural, industrial, and energy
goods.
Merchandise trade with the rest of the world in 2010 resulted in a
surplus for Mercosur of nearly US$7 billion; however, the trade in services,
obtained a deficit by over US$28 billion. The EU and China maintained a nearly
balanced merchandise trade with Mercosur until 2010, while the United States
reaped a capital gain over US$14 billion; in turn, Mercosur, earned a
significant revenue (over US$4 billion - each one in 2010) coming from its trade
with Chile and Venezuela, the latter became as a full member on
2012.
Objectives:
The Southern Common Market promotes:
- The free transit of produced goods, services and factors of production on the workforces among the member states. Among other things, this includes the elimination of customs rights and lifting of non tariff restrictions on the transit of goods or any other measures with similar effects on it.
- Fixing of a common external tariff (CET) and adopting of a common trade policy regard to non member states or groups of states, and the coordination of positions at the regional and international commercial and economic meetings.
- Coordination of macroeconomic and sectoral policies of member states related to the foreign trade like: agriculture, industry, taxes, monetary system, exchange and capital, services, customs, transport and communications, and any others that may agree on, in order to ensure free competition between member states.
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- The commitment by the member states on make the necessary adjustments at their laws according into pertinent areas to allow for the strengthening of the integration processes. The Asunción Treaty is based on the doctrine of the reciprocal rights and obligations of the member states. Mercosur initially has targeted free-trade zones, customs unification, and finally a common market.
In addition, the reciprocity doctrine where the Asunción Treaty also
contains provisions concerning to concept nation "most – favored”. This is
happening after the common market is formed by member nations and automatically
extending to other members as a provider at any: advantage, favor, entitlement,
immunity or privilege granted to an originating product - intended for the
countries - that are not belonging to the Latin American Integration Association
(ALADI).
Structure:
The Asunción Treaty and Ouro Preto Protocol established the basis for the institutional Mercosur structure, creating the Common Market Council and the Common Market Group; both are functioning at the outset - in the transition phase.
As provided for in this Treaty, before establishing the common market the member nations must call a special meeting in order to determine the definitive institutional structure for the public agencies that are managing Mercosur, as well as define the specific functions for each agency and the process where the decision is taken.
Common Market Council:
The Council is the highest-level agency of Mercosur with the authority to conduct its policies, and responsibility for compliance with the objects and time frames set forth in the Asuncion Treaty. The Council is composed by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Economy (or the equivalent) of all five countries.
Member states presiding the Council, also is rotated by alphabetical order, for six-month periods. Meetings: Council members shall meet whenever is necessary, at least once a year. The presidents of the member nations shall take part at the annual Common Market Council, whenever can be possible the meeting. The Decision Making is taken by The Council's decisions and shall be made by consensus, with representation of all member states.
أسفرت تجارة السلع مع بقية العالم في عام 2010 في فائض للميركوسور من 7 مليارات دولار أمريكي تقريبا. ومع ذلك، فإن التجارة في الخدمات، الحصول على عجزا بأكثر من 28 مليار دولار. حافظ الاتحاد الأوروبي والصين تجارة البضائع متوازنة تقريبا مع ميركوسور حتى عام 2010، في حين حصدت الولايات المتحدة مكاسب رأس المال على 14 مليار دولار أمريكي. بدوره، ميركوسور، حصل على إيرادات كبيرة (أكثر من 4 مليارات دولار - كل واحد في عام 2010) القادمة من تجارتها مع تشيلي وفنزويلا، وأصبح هذا الأخير كعضو كامل في عام 2012.
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By Herminia Castro freelance journalist,
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